Table 4 Multivariable Poisson regression model of the association between the number of involuntary hospitalizations and sociodemographic, clinical, and contextual characteristics
From: Factors associated with involuntary psychiatric hospitalization in Portugal
| Exp (\(\widehat{\upbeta }\)) | 95%CI | |
|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic characteristics | ||
| Gender | ||
| Women | Ref | |
| Men | 1.31 | 1.06–1.62 * |
| Age | ||
| 15–29 | Ref | |
| 30–49 | 1.10 | 0.86–1.42 |
| 50–64 | 0.97 | 0.69–1.38 |
| ≥ 65 | 0.89 | 0.52–1.49 |
| Marital status | ||
| Single | Ref | |
| Married/cohabitating | 0.74 | 0.56–0.99 * |
| Divorced/separated/widowed | 0.94 | 0.70–1.24 |
| Education | ||
| None or primary education | Ref | |
| Basic education | 1.30 | 0.98–1.73 |
| Secondary education | 1.45 | 1.05–2.01 * |
| Higher education | 1.89 | 1.38–2.60 *** |
| Employment status | ||
| Workers or students | Ref | |
| Unemployed | 1.08 | 0.84–1.39 |
| Retired or others | 1.11 | 0.86–1.45 |
| Clinical characteristics | ||
| Psychiatric diagnosis | ||
| Mood and anxiety disorders | Ref | |
| Dementia | 0.98 | 0.46–1.92 |
| Substance use disorders | 0.94 | 0.60–1.43 |
| Psychosis | 2.02 | 1.59–2.59 *** |
| Other mental disorders | 0.84 | 0.55–1.26 |
| Suicide attempt | ||
| No | Ref | |
| Yes | 0.26 | 0.15–0.42 *** |
| Contextual characteristics | ||
| Year | ||
| 2002 | Ref | |
| 2007 | 1.61 | 1.21- 2.16 ** |
| 2012 | 1.73 | 1.31–2.32 *** |
| Psychiatric service | ||
| Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental EPE | Ref | |
| Hospital de Magalhães Lemos EPE | 0.65 | 0.49–0.86 ** |
| Centro Hospitalar Psiquiátrico de Lisboa | 0.67 | 0.49–0.90 ** |
| Hospital Professor Doutor Fernando Fonseca EPE | 0.79 | 0.54–1.14 |
| Unidade Local de Saúde do Baixo Alentejo EPE | 0.67 | 0.46–0.96 * |