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Adverse childhood experiences
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Total (n = 1375)
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Depressive symptomsa
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|---|
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No (n = 756)
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Yes (n = 619)
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p-value†
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|---|
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Had been hit, slapped, or kicked by a parent or guardian
|
< 0.001
|
|
No
|
568 (41.3)
|
347 (61.1)
|
221 (38.9)
| |
|
Yes
|
807 (58.7)
|
409 (50.7)
|
398 (49.3)
| |
|
People in my family had said hurtful or insulting things to me
|
< 0.001
|
|
No
|
489 (35.6)
|
313 (64.0)
|
176 (36.0)
| |
|
Yes
|
886 (64.4)
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443 (50.0)
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443 (50.0)
| |
|
Someone had tried to touch me or make me touch them in a sexual way
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< 0.001
|
|
No
|
928 (67.5)
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580 (62.5)
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348 (37.5)
| |
|
Yes
|
447 (32.5)
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176 (39.4)
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271 (60.6)
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There had been someone to take care of me when I got sick
|
0.003
|
|
No
|
43 (3.1)
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14 (32.6)
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29 (67.4)
| |
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Yes
|
1332 (96.9)
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742 (55.7)
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590 (44.3)
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|
There had been someone who helped me feel that I was loved and important
|
0.007
|
|
No
|
104 (7.6)
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44 (42.3)
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60 (57.7)
| |
|
Yes
|
1271 (92.4)
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712 (56.0)
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559 (44.0)
| |
- Values are numbers of subjects (%)
- † Chi square test was used
- a Defined by a Center for Epidemiology Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) score of ≥ 16
